Conditional Sentence

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentences are also known as conditional clauses or “if” clause. They are used to express that the actions in the main clause (the clause without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of conditional sentences.

(If Clause)

1. PRESENT REAL
IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	FACT
if+Simple Present If I graduate in November	S+Modal1(will)+inf.+O I will take master degree in December	it is possible to happen. I may graduate in November  so I may take master degree in December.
2. PRESENT UNREAL
IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	FACT
if+Simple Past If I graduated in October	S+Modal2(would)+inf.+O I would take master degree in November	Simple Present I don’t graduate in October so I can’t take master degree in November.
3. PAST UNREAL
IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	FACT
if+ Past Perfect If I had graduated in March.	S+Modal2(would)+have+V3+O I would have taken master degree in July.	Simple Past I couldn’t take master degree in July because I didn’t graduate in March.

Catatan:

1. Pernyataan dalam SUBJUNCTIVE dan CONDITIONAL SENTENCES selahu bertentangan dengan fakta.
2. Perubahan-perubahan TENSES yang terjadi dalam SUBJUNCTIVE juga berlaku dalam CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
3. IF dalam IF CLAUSE dapat dihilangkan jika terdapat kata bantu SHOULD, WERE, dan HAD dalam IF CLAUSE.
   ex: If I had been rich – Had I been rich

Contoh Conditional sentence

Tipe 1

• If I have a lot of money, I’ll buy a car.
  (Jika aku punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil)
• If he runs quickly, he will get there soon.
  (Jika dia berlari dengan cepat, maka dia akan sampai disana segera)
• I will visit them if I have enough time.
  (Saya akan mengunjungi mereka jika saya punya waktu)

Tipe 2:

• He would come if you invited him.
  (Dia akan datang jika kamu mengundangnya)
• What would you do if She came here?
  (Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika dia datang kemari?)
• She would help you if you told her the truth.
  (Dia akan menolongmu jika kamu menceritakan kebenarannya)

Were

Pada pengandaian Tipe ini, semua subjek menggunakan “were”.

Contoh:

• If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
  (Jika saya seekor burung, saya akan terbang di angkasa)
• I would forgive him If Iwere you.
  (Saya akan memaafkannya jika saya jadi kamu)
• She said that she would stay at home if she were me.
  (Dia berkata bahwa dia akan tetap berada di rumah jika dia menjadi saya)

Tipe 3:

• If we had known you were there last year, we would have written you a letter.
  (Kalau kami tahu kamu ada disana tahun lalu, kami akan menyuratimu)
• He could have come here if you had invited him yesterday.
  (Dia akan datang jika kamu telah mengundangnya kemarin)

They might have employed me if I had had work experience.
(Mereka mungkin akan mempekerjakan saya jika saya punya pengalaman